The Doppler Effect

Doppler Effect Objectives * Measure the detector frequency for waves emitted from a slowly moving source as that source is approaching the detector. (Exploration 1) * Calculate the detector frequency for waves emitted from a slowly moving source as that source is moving away from the detector. (Exploration 2) * Sketch the wave-front patterns for wave sources with various source speeds. (Exploration 3) Description of Activity In this activity, you will study waves that travel from a moving source to a detector. You will control the source speed as well as the frequency of waves emitted by that source. You will observe the wave fronts and measure the frequency at the detector. The Jump Start exercises below will help you review frequency, wavelength, pitch, and the Doppler effect. Jump Start 1. What type of wave is a sound wave? A sound wave is a longitudinal waves. 2. Define wave frequency. Wave frequency is the number of crests that pass through at a specified time. 3. What is pitch? A pitch is the sound or sensation of the frequency. 4. Sketch one wavelength of a longitudinal wave. Exploration 1: A Wave Source Moving Towards a Detector Procedure 1. Explore the simulation on your own for several minutes. Attempt to identify relationships among source frequency, detector frequency, wave speed, and source velocity. 2. Set Source speed to 1. 0 cm/s. Move the detector by dragging it from the left side of the screen onto the grid; place it on the right side of the grid, directly opposite the wave source. Set Wave speed to 5. 0 cm/s. Select a Source frequency. Record this frequency in Table 1. 3. The top stopwatch in this Virtual Investigation starts automatically when the first wave front touches the detector. The second stopwatch does not start until the source has passed the detector. Select Go. Using the top stopwatch, observe the number of waves that pass the detector in 1. 0 s. This is the detector frequency. Record this frequency in Table 1. In addition, sketch the wave-front pattern on a separate sheet of paper. 4. Repeat step 3 for at least two more trials. Keep Source speed, Wave speed, Source frequency, and detector position the same for all three trials. 5. Repeat steps 2 through 4 for at least three more source frequencies Observations and Analysis Table 1 (source speed = 0 m/s; wave speed = 5. 0 cm/s) Source Frequency (Hz)| Trial 1 Detector Frequency (Hz)| Trial 2 Detector Frequency (Hz)| Trial 3 Detector Frequency (Hz)| Average Detector Frequency (Hz)| 1. 0| 12| 5| 8| 8. 3| 1. 0| 10| 3| 3| 5. 3| 1. 0| 2| 4| 7| 4. 3| 1. 0| 4| 3| 2| 3| 1. For each source frequency, average the detector frequencies. Record these averages in Table 1. 2. Are the source frequencies greater than, less than, or the same as the detector frequencies in this Exploration? The source frequencies were less than the detections. Exploration 2: A Source Moving Away from a Detector Procedure 1. Set Source speed to 1. 0 cm/s and Wave speed to 5. 0 cm/s. Place the detector on top of the source. 2. Set Source frequency to any value. Record this source frequency in Table 2. 3. This time, the detector will detect waves as the source moves away from it. Select Go. In Table 2, record the number of wave fronts that pass the detector in 5. 0 s. 4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 for at least three more source frequencies. Observations and Analysis Table 2 (source speed = 1. 0 cm/s; wave speed = 5. 0 cm/s) Source Frequency (Hz)| Number of Times Detector Flashes in 5. 0 s| Detector Frequency (Hz)| 1. 0| 4| 5| 2. 0| 6| 8| 3. 0| 9| 11| 4. 0| 13| 17| 1. Divide the number of times that the detector light flashes in 5. 0 s by 5. 0 for each source frequency in Table 2. This is the detector frequency. In Table 2, record the detector frequency for each source frequency. 2. Are the source frequencies greater than, less than, or the same as the detector frequencies in this Exploration? The detector frequencies are greater than the source frequencies. 3. In Exploration 1, you averaged the results of three trials. In Exploration 2, you gathered data over a longer period of time. Which approach probably yielded more accurate results? Why? I think Exploration 1 yielded more accurate results because the detector was not sitting above and it gave the detector an accurate reading. Exploration 3: A Moving Source at Different Velocities Procedure 1. Set Wave speed to 10. 0 cm/s and Source frequency to 1. 0 Hz. Place the detector anywhere. 2. Set Source speed to 6. 0 cm/s. 3. Select Go. Sketch the resulting wave-front pattern on a separate sheet of paper. 4. Set Source speed to 8. 0 cm/s. 5. Select Go. Sketch the resulting wave-front pattern on the separate sheet of paper. 6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 for 10. 0 cm/s, 12. 0 cm/s, and 14. 0 cm/s source speeds. Observations and Analysis 1. What happens to the wave-front pattern as the source speed is increased to equal the wave speed? The amount of waves seen in a given time seems to increase and reach the detector much faster. 2. What happens to the wave-front pattern as the source speed is increased beyond the wave speed? When the source speed is increased beyond the wave speed the waves frequency is extremely high. Conclusions Describe how the motion and frequency of a wave source affects the waves that source produces. When the frequency and motion are both set at high rates, the waves that are produced and their frequency is increased. When the motion and frequency are decreased the waves decrease as well. Inquiry Extension Luisa is swinging on a playground swing at school. A teacher facing her blows a whistle to let the children know recess is over. As Luisa swings, what does she hear? When does she hear the highest pitch? As Luisa swings she hears the whistle, but she hears the highest pitch when she is swinging away from the teacher.

Government Intervention at Boeing and Airbus Case Study

Government Intervention at Boeing and Airbus - Case Study Example Globalization led to the cross-border free flow of capital, labor, information and other resources. Countries began to realize that the only way to reap the fruits of comparative advantage was to compete internationally. FDIs and generation of government revenues were common results of international business in technology intensive areas (page 33) (Cavusgil, Knight, & Reisenberger, 2012) and, thus, the collaboration of various European governments in this respect can be attributed to this reasoning. The major reason behind Boeing’s complains is that the provision of subsidies by the EU government to its competitor Airbus is preventing both the companies to compete on equal footing. It is seen as an unfair trade practice by the U.S, although, the case reflects that the country itself is offering protection to its airline Boeing, albeit, in a different way. Thus, although the U.S government is not providing outright subsidies to Boeing, it is still protecting its business by bes towing it with military contracts. The key elements highlighted in the case are those of intervention through provision of subsidies, development of infrastructure, tax rebates and strategic national contracts. Part of the explanation underlying government support for Airbus is grounded in the democratic socialism political system of the EU. As learnt in the text, this form of system called social democracy is characterized by government intervention in private enterprises and in business activities.... To this extent, as pointed out in the case study, the governments of various EU countries including the French, German, Spanish and British governments have embarked on a mission to enhance the international competitiveness of its national airline, Airbus, through the provision of subsidies primarily. A major implication of globalization has been that in the midst of cut-throat competition, companies often find themselves competing on costs. The text also supports the fact that the costs of doing business are relatively higher in the EU which is largely because of high corporate taxes (page 178) (Cavusgil, Knight, & Reisenberger, 2012). This is a major reason behind the government rationale to support Airbus financially. To this extent that the cost of capital in EU is higher than that in U.S, the government’s intervention in Airbus’s operations is justified. The defensive rationale of government intervention manifests itself along these lines of thinking by claiming th at protection of the national economy is a major factor behind government intervention (page 204) (Cavusgil, Knight, & Reisenberger, 2012). The offensive rationale is also applicable here, since one of the major reasons for government intervention in the case of Airbus was to protect the infant industry that could not compete effectively with the two giants (Mac Douglas and Boeing) and the creation of tax revenues. Also one of the fundamental justifications for the same was the generation of jobs and employment opportunities that were created once Airbus had its operations all over Europe (Cavusgil, Knight, & Reisenberger, 2012). Furthermore, this move of European governments to support Airbus and make it

UC Application - Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

UC Application - - Personal Statement Example Because many businesses are operating in tough economic times, making proper use of financial resources of importance value. Managing financial resources thus interests me given the benefit of using capital in an effective way. In addition, I have an interest of running a successful business that will purchase and sell goods in the international market. This enormous task requires robust financial understanding that I can only earn by enrolling in a financial program. These reasons reinforce my interest in finance major that is offered in your esteemed university. My interest for a financial major is strengthened by experience in a number of positions. In the past, I have worked as a sales person for a trading company where I managed products being sold by the firm. In this position, I learnt various skills required by marketers. During the 2010 summer, I worked as an intern in a Chinese firm. As an intern, my immediate supervisor tasked me with the role of carrying out various finan cial calculations using Microsoft Excel. Further, I learnt how to carry out market research and to use data in making strategic decisions in business. Most important, I learnt how to enter data and analyze them based on certain parameters. Equally important, I had the opportunity of working for an insurance agency. In this firm, I plan and advise clients based on their business proposals. Moreover, my role is to persuade businesspersons to subscribe to our insurance policies to protect their business from various risks. From the above work experiences, I gained many significant experiences that will improve my performance as a financial planner. First, I learnt how to market goods to different businesses with a goal of winning. With a goal of starting an international business, I am now aware of how to win other businesses that may be some of my customers. In the same fashion, I learnt the value of making a sound decision based on data gained from research. Indeed, this critical gai n will improve my ability to operate in the international arena where business intelligence is paramount. Further, I also gained new concepts both in business and in finance that will increase my success in business. With an intention of working an iBank first, before starting my own business, I deem this experiences a great opportunity for me to appreciate the role of business. Given my application for consideration in your university, I intend to use this opportunity as a solid foundation to acquire other advanced financial concepts that will prepare me to excel in business as an astute financial planner. Questions two Being a leader is one of the attributes that defines me. Over years, I have had the opportunity to take on different leaders that have given me the opportunity to serve others, as well as develop myself. During my tenure in De Anza College, I was the president of the Japanese Cultural Club, which had a goal of disseminating Japanese culture, heritage, and value amon g members of the club. My acceptance as the president of the association was because of my cross-cultural ability and understanding of other cultures, as well. With this background, I am looked forward for an opportunity to use the skills I have learnt in contributing to the diversity of the university. Apart from being the president of the Japanese Cultural Club, I also served as chairperson of the Biology club. This is a position that I served because of

Marketing Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Marketing Management - Essay Example Management is the process of performing activities by using the help of other people. Managers use the management elements, which include planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling. Chwala highlights that marketing management is a business process, which involves â€Å"analyzing market opportunities, researching on the target markets, developing strategies for them, planning market tactics, implementing, and controlling the marketing initiatives. Further, Kotler describes marketing management as the process of achieving desired outcomes from a target market (13). It is therefore, a business process, which involves applying marketing techniques, and managing resources and activities related to marketing. Kotler highlights that marketing management process involves analyzing market opportunities, developing marketing strategies, planning marketing activities, managing, and controlling the marketing efforts (33). In the first step of analyzing market opportunities, the l eader identifies potential opportunities in the market while considering the organizations competences. This should be done by analyzing both the micro and macro environments in order to identify the best opportunities. In this step, the company can research and select market opportunities that are available. This can be done by defining the market, segmenting the market, market targeting and positioning in the market. The next step is the development of strategies for marketing whereby the marketer positions the organization strategically in the market. This step involves deciding on the brand, product lines, designs and the market. This is performed using the four P s marketing mix tools. Planning of marketing programs is the other step, and it involves making decisions on the expenditures, marketing mix and market allocation and budgets. One should set the level marketing budget that they intend to spend. Then, they allocate the budget among the various activities and the marketi ng mix tools. Lastly, they should allocate the budget to the various marketing programs in the target market (Kotler 34). The last step is management and control of the marketing programs. This step involves executing the plans, collecting feedback from the market and starting again in the planning step. Resources should be mobilized to implement and control the marketing programs of the organization Entrepreneurship is defined by the activities done by Entrepreneurs. Akrani highlights that Entrepreneur was derived from the French word Entrepredre meaning performing of activities. Entrepreneurs are the people who engage in the risky business activities of creating new businesses using their personal resources, through innovation of ideas, which are focused to satisfy the market needs (Akrani). Therefore, Entrepreneurship is the process of establishing opportunities in the market, and taking advantage of them to make a profit. There are ways in which responsible Entrepreneurial quali ties become essential for marketing management. Firstly, the Entrepreneurial qualities enable the leader to develop plans that meet their marketing goals. This can be applied in finance, production, sales, promotions, and personnel areas of marketing management. Secondly, responsible Entrepreneurial qualities enhance communication skills in marketing managem

Changes in the international system and the right to choose Essay

Changes in the international system and the right to choose - Essay Example However there are groups and cultures that do not feel this way and do not adhere to these norms contesting that human rights agendas reflect western civilization. Women's rights are surrounded by much debate when it comes to cultural values and norms. A historical cultural tradition in some African countries has been the practice of female circumcision. When women were asked why they practiced this they said because it had always been done, most claimed because it is this act that makes them a woman and that without the act being performed on them they would not be a complete woman, this meant that they may not be desirable for marriage in later life. If this practice was stopped females would have to redefine themselves within their community and culture. On the one hand the introduction of a liberal rights culture in defense of gender-based violence into these communities would greatly challenge cultural identity and their social framework, however on the other hand just because it has always been done this way does not mean that women want it this way so highlights conflicts within cultures as well as between them. Having a women's rights culture enables women to have some freedom of choice and choose which set of values and norms they wish to accept. So contestation exists within cultures on the grounds of human rights when it comes to women's rights and it exists not only in developing nations. The Christian right in the US are pro-life and lobby vehemently to state and federal government opposing women's rights to choose, yet the protestors live in one of the most liberal nations in the globe. It must also not be forgotten that the US only abolished segregation in 1965 and that from 1876 until abolition the Jim Crow Laws mandated a 'separate but equal' status for black Americans ("Jim Crow laws" 2007). Another example of a contestation is reformist Muslims as whilst they wish to incorporate liberal rights including equality for all individuals through reinterpreting the Quran the holy texts state that men and women are not equal (Zubaida, 2004). The Shari'a, Islamic law, is fundamental to all Muslims but for reformists the problems lie with the historical context within which its religious laws are written. The issue that many Muslims have is that liberal rights cultures are secularized and therefore implicate their cultural identity because of the fundamental need of Islam to live by the Shari'a. Global rights, in this case women's rights, only become powerful at the local level, when groups and individuals from one particular cultural identity wish to change their way of lives. The liberal model of the international system is concerned with the individual who seek to serve their own self interest. Moravcsik argues that in the international system the quest for self interest is competitive therefore there will be some who are more dominant than others (Brown, 2004). Consequently if states are similar in their values and norms the world will have less tension than if divided on ideals. For Moravcsik the international system has the ability to change as state behaviour reflects what individual's

Brainstorming Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Brainstorming - Assignment Example l events such as essays, debates in their various forms and norms had somehow lost their sheen and it was time for interesting and innovative activities to enter Elite. I guess we had overdone it with the traditional ones. The willful participation and the pure desire to achieve something for the greater good of the student community was exhilarating! Well! In the two hours session that we had, all the boys and girls shared an enthusiastic vibe and the hall echoed with charming and smart ideas pulled out form many corners. The diverse experiences we had in our life and the many backgrounds that we hail from – all started giving results. A fun list was arrived at that included ‘Rhyming Couplets’, Mismatch Story’, ‘Air Crash’, ‘Wake up as a Celebrity, ‘I am stranded on an unknown island’, ‘Translate yourself’ etc. If literary events were meant to strengthen one’s speaking, listening, understanding and analyz ing abilities in a language, why not have some decent fun along? Not only was the effort worth its pain, it in fact gave a certain confidence to the participating members, which reflected in their expressions glowing with satisfaction, when the Convener approved

CVS Pharmacy Improvement Essay Example for Free

CVS Pharmacy Improvement Essay The first â€Å"Consumer Value Store† was opened in Lowell, Massachusetts in 1963. The company grew quickly and by 2002 CVS was one of America’s largest retail drugstores, with over 4,000 outlets and income of $24. 2 billion. As the company got bigger, managers started to worry that pharmacy maneuvers were not carrying out well. Reviews from both customers and employees designated that many localities had severe troubles with customer service. The company’s pharmacy business, however, grew further at an industrial average. This inferred to some people that CVS did not have any serious problems but it actually had. Therefore, to identify the true crisis of pharmacy customer service and to make any required changes, CVS initiated the PSI and staffed it with operations executives and managers. Customer Service Problems: The PSI team started gathering information by evaluating historical data and interviewing existing and past customers. This work verified that CVS had problems in customer service. Besides, customers feel difficult to adjust from one pharmacy to another; deeper analysis revealed that many of the regular customers have switched somewhere else. PSI team showed that about 7. 2 million customers have left which could have paid $2. 5 billion revenue. It has been noticed that different kinds of customers have left due to different types of problems. The PCI team has categorized these former CVS Pharmacy members into two main groups. First, the one who filled an average of five prescriptions per year; they were most likely to complain about the pharmacy’s location. The other group of heavy users, who filled an average of 40 scripts a year, was most likely to leave because of poor service.